英語寫作常見錯誤:不一致與詞性誤用
在日常生活中,英語的用法是很廣泛的,我們非常有必要知道相關單詞或短語詳細的中文意思。以下是小編為大家整理了英語寫作常見錯誤:不一致與詞性誤用,一起來看看吧!

英語寫作常見錯誤:不一致與詞性誤用 篇1
一、不一致(Disagreements)
所謂不一致不光指主謂不一致,它還包括了數的不一致 時態不一致及代詞不一 致等。
例1.When one have money ,he can do what he want to .
(人一旦有了錢,他就能想干什么就干什么.)
剖析:one是單數第三人稱,因而本句的have應改為has ;同理,want應改為wants.本句是典型的主謂不一致。
改為:Once one has money ,he can do what he wants (to do)
二、修飾語錯位(Misplaced Modifiers)
英語與漢語不同,同一個修飾語置于句子不同的位置,句子的含義可能引起變化.對于這一點中國學生往往沒有引起足夠的重視,因而造成了不必要的誤解。
例1.I believe I can do it well and I will better know the world outside the campus.
剖析:better位置不當,應置于句末.
三、句子不完整(Sentence Fragments)
在口語中,交際雙方可借助手勢語氣上下文等,不完整的句子完全可以被理解.可是書面語就不同了,句子結構不完整會令意思表達不清,這種情況常常發生在主句寫完以后,筆者又想加些補充說明時發生。
例1.There are many ways to know the society. For example by TV ,radio ,newspaper and so on .
剖析:本句后半部分"for example by TV ,radio ,newspaper and so on .”不是一個完整的句子,僅為一些不連貫的詞語,不能獨立成句.
改為:There are many ways to know society ,for example ,by TV ,radio ,and newspaper.
四、懸垂修飾語(Dangling Modifiers)
所謂懸垂修飾語是指句首的短語與后面句子的邏輯關系混亂不清。
例1.At the age of ten, my grandfather died.
剖析:這句中"at the age of ten"只點出十歲時,但沒有說明” 誰”十歲時.按一般推理不可能是my grandfather, 如果我們把這個懸垂修飾語改明確一點,全句就不那么費解了。
改為:When I was ten, my grandfather died.
例2.To do well in college, good grades are essential.
剖析:句中不定式短語 “to do well in college” 的邏輯主語不清楚。
改為:To do well in college, a student needs good grades.
五、詞性誤用(Misuse of Parts of Speech)
“詞性誤用”常表現為:介詞當動詞用;形容詞當副詞用;名詞當動詞用等。
例1.None can negative the importance of money.
剖析:negative 系形容詞,誤作動詞。
改為:None can deny the importance of money.
六、指代不清(Ambiguous Reference of Pronouns)
指代不清主要講的是代詞與被指代的人或物關系不清,或者先后所用的代詞不一致。
例1.Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid.(瑪麗和我姐姐很要好,因為她要她做她的伴娘。)
剖析:讀完上面這一句話,讀者無法明確地判斷兩位姑娘中誰將結婚,誰將當伴娘。如果我們把易于引起誤解的代詞的`所指對象加以明確,意思就一目了然了。
改為:Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid.
例2.And we can also know the society by serving it yourself.
剖析:句中人稱代詞we 和反身代詞yourself指代不一致。
改為:We can also know society by serving it ourselves.
七、不間斷句子(Run-on Sentences)
什么叫run-on sentence?請看下面的例句。
例1.There are many ways we get to know the outside world.
剖析:這個句子包含了兩層完整的意思:“There are many ways.” 以及“We get to know the outside world.”。簡單地把它們連在一起就不妥當了。
改為:There are many ways for us to learn about the outside world.
或:There are many ways through which we can become acquainted with the outside world
八、措詞毛病(Troubles in Diction)
Diction 是指在特定的句子中如何適當地選用詞語的問題,囿于教學時間緊迫,教師平時在這方面花的時間往往極其有限,影響了學生在寫作中沒有養成良好的推敲,斟酌的習慣。他們往往隨心所欲,拿來就用。所以作文中用詞不當的錯誤比比皆是。
例1.The increasing use of chemical obstacles in agriculture also makes pollution.(農業方面化學物質使用的不斷增加也造成了污染。)
剖析:顯然,考生把obstacles“障礙”,“障礙物”誤作substance“物質”了。另外“the increasing use (不斷增加的使用)” 應改為“abusive use (濫用)”。
改為:The abusive use of chemical substances in agriculture also causes/leads to pollution.
九、累贅(Redundancy)
言以簡潔為貴。寫句子沒有一個多余的詞;寫段落沒有一個無必要的句子。能用單詞的不用詞組;能用詞組的不用從句或句子。
例1.In spite of the fact that he is lazy, I like him.
剖析:本句的“the fact that he is lazy”系同謂語從句,我們按照上述“能用詞組的不用從句”
改為:In spite of his laziness, I like him.
例2.For the people who are diligent and kind, money is just the thing to be used to buy the thing they need.
剖析:整個句子可以大大簡化。
改為:Diligent, caring people use money only to buy what they need.
十、不連貫(Incoherence)
不連貫是指一個句子前言不對后語,或是結構上不暢通。這也是考生常犯的毛病。
例1.The fresh water, it is the most important things of the earth.
剖析:The fresh water 與逗號后的it 不連貫。It 與things 在數方面不一致。
改為:Fresh water is the most important thing in the world.
十一、綜合性語言錯誤(Comprehensive Misusage)
所謂“綜合性語言錯誤”,是指除了上述十種錯誤以外,還有諸如時態,語態,標點符號,大小寫等方面的錯誤
英語寫作常見錯誤:不一致與詞性誤用 篇2
1.詞匯搭配不當,如:
問題句:I can introduce our country for foreigners in English.
修改句:I can introduce our country to foreigners in English.
對策:平時熟記高頻單詞、固定搭配,考試時,在運用某個單詞或者短語時,慎重考慮這個
單詞或短語與其它內容是否搭配。
2.詞性中的張冠李戴
× My English is very well.
√ My English is very good.
× I want to make friends with students from others country.
√ I want to make friends with students from other countries.
對策:平時記單詞時除了詞義,還要識記其詞性、名詞的可數性與不可數性、動詞的延續性與非延續性、及物與不及物等。寫作時,如果對所寫單詞的詞性沒有把握,可換用其它單詞。時態錯誤
大部分考生段首句子的時態還正確,但段中就開始出錯,或者前半句時態還正確,后半句就錯了。因為這部分考生對各種時態的用法以及什么樣的`文體該用什么時態還弄不清。如:
× I'd be grateful if you accepted me as a member of your camp.
√ I'd be grateful if you accept me as a member of your camp.
× I was told that he has been looking for a new job all through the summer.
√ I was told that he had been looking for a new job all through the summer.
對策:弄清各種文體對應的時態,如日記應該用過去時態,通知用將來時態,發表觀點類的文章及圖表作文用現在時態,書信根據需要可以交叉使用現在時態、將來時態和過去時態。寫完后還要認真檢查,看一下時態呼應一致方面是否出現了錯誤。
英語寫作常見錯誤:不一致與詞性誤用 篇3
1.句子結構不完整
閱卷發現:句子結構不完整的情況常出現在定語從句以及需要跟雙賓語的動詞結構中。
× I'd like to communicate with students come from foreign countries.
√ I'd like to communicate with students who come from different countries.
√ I'd like to communicate with students from different countries.
× I can tell the foreign students about China.
剖析:
"告訴某人某物"為tell sb sth 。
√ I can tell the foreign students something about China.
對策:掌握好主謂、主謂賓、主系表、主謂雙賓、主謂賓補五種基本句型和there be結構。通過翻譯、改錯、改寫、轉換句型等將句法結構內化,要有意識地經常運用已糾正的常錯句型,注意句子結構的完整性。
2.懸垂修飾語現象
懸垂修飾語是指句首的短語或修飾語與后面句子的邏輯關系混亂不清。分詞、不定式、動名詞和省略句作為修飾語時考生受漢語影響常會出現懸垂現象。
× In order to help us learn English well, a foreign teacher will be hired.
√ In order to help us learn English well, our school will hire a foreign teacher.
× At the age of 19,my sister left hometown for Harvard University.
√ When my sister was 19, she left hometown for Harvard University.
√ When Iwas19, my sister left hometown for Harvard University.
對策:使用非謂語動詞和省略句作為修飾語時,要注意使它們的邏輯主語與句子的主語保持一致(獨立主格結構除外)。運用短語作從句時,要記住短語所表達的'內容不得與后面主句所描述的內容有所沖突或者造成歧義。
3.漢語式英語,逐字翻譯
比如表達"我對這項活動感興趣,想參加。"
× I'm interested in the activity and want to take part in.
√ I'm interested in the activity and want to take part in it.
表達"公園里有一則告示,上面寫道:
'注意安全,道路光滑。'"
× There is a notice in the park, writing:
"To take no tice of safe, slippery sideway"
√ There is a notice in the park, saying:
"Watch your step. Slippery sideway."
對策:養成用英語思維進行寫作的習慣,不逐字翻譯題目所列的要求,遇到自己沒有把握的,可換一種方式表達。
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