常見的英語修辭
修辭手法是通過修飾、調整語句，運用特定的表達形式以提高語言表達作用的方式和方法。修辭不僅僅在中文里很常見，在英文里也是多種多樣。這篇文章里，我們就來談一談英文中常見的修辭手法。
1.simile明喻
明喻是常用as或like等詞將兩種不同事物通過比較而連接起來的一種修辭手法。
讓我們看幾個例子：
好的咖啡如同友誼，豐厚，溫暖，熱烈。
人生就像一罐沙丁魚，我們大家都在找開啟的起子。
他這人就像一只驕傲的公雞，以為太陽升起是為了它的啼叫。
2.metaphor暗喻
暗喻是將兩種有共同點的不同事物進行隱晦比較的修辭手法。
明喻與暗喻的不同點就在于是否有出現like或者as（像）這一類比喻詞，下面這幾個句子都是暗喻：
幽默是生活的減震器,它可以鼓舞人們付諸于行動。
時間，你這個小偷。
可是我的心是孤獨的獵手，在孤獨的小山上狩獵。
3.personification擬人
擬人是一種為無生命或抽象物體賦予人類特質與能力的修辭手法。
奧利奧：牛奶最喜愛的曲奇。
大風凜冽,發出怒吼。
這里唯一的怪物就是賭博怪物，它將你母親淪為奴隸！我叫它賭棍，該把你母親從他的霓虹燈魔爪下救出來的時候了！
4.euphemism委婉語
委婉語是使用較委婉含蓄的語言替換強烈冒犯的話語。
這種修辭可能聽起來陌生，但在日常生活中的使用頻率其實很高。比如，老人去世的時候我們會采用“過世”、“走了”這一類的話語，這其實就是委婉語。英文里也有類似的用法，了解委婉語背后真正的含義對閱讀英語文章也是很有幫助的哦~下面我們就一起看幾個例子：
elder citizen老年人（不用old people）
pass away逝世（不用die）
You've got a prime figure.你的體態豐腴。（不用fat）
5.pun雙關語
雙關語是指利用同詞不同義或是同音不同詞來制造文字游戲的一種修辭方式。
部分電視劇的幽默效果就是通過雙關語來實現的。
生前勞碌奔命，死后化灰入土。
（earn與urn(火化)同音異義，用在一起顯得俏皮，別有趣味。）
七天不進水，人就會虛弱。
weak和week是同音異義詞。因此這句話聽起來可以理解為：
Seven days without water makes one week.
6.alliteration頭韻
押頭韻是指重復單詞第一個輔音的修辭方式。
頭韻是英語語音修辭的一種，體現了語言的音樂美和整齊美。廣為熟知的一本名著《傲慢與偏見》（Pride and Prejudice）的書名就體現了頭韻。常見的例子還有：
first and foremost首先
with might and main 盡全力地
saints and sinners 圣人與罪人
in weal and (or) woe無論是福是禍
7.oxymoron矛盾修辭法
矛盾修辭法是一種修辭手段，它是用兩種不相調和，甚至截然相反的`詞語來形容一件事物。
這個定義是不是聽起來云里霧里的呢？讓我們先用中文的例子來理解一下~
寶玉道：“我呢？你們也替我想一個。”
寶釵笑道：“你的號早有了，無事忙三字恰當得很！”
上文的“無事忙”就是矛盾修辭法，“無事”和“忙”不就是兩種截然相反的狀態嗎？
再來看幾個英文例子：
我們只能相信自由意志，除此之外我們別無選擇。
他那來源于不名譽的名譽依然如故。
8.hyperbole夸張
夸張是對事物著意夸大的修辭方式。
我們在口語中常常會夸大自己的情緒，比如：
我嚇死了。
男男女女在表達愛意的時候經常也很夸張：
你是我的全世界，是我的月亮，我的星星……
大學英語修辭手法總結
1) Simile：(明喻）
It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic (特性)in common. To make the comparison, words like as, as...as, as if and like are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other. For example, As cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country.
2) Metaphor：(暗喻）
It is like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated. For example, the world is a stage.
3) Analogy: (類比）
It is also a form of comparison, but unlike simile or metaphor which usually uses comparison on one point of resemblance, analogy draws a parallel between two unlike things that have several common qualities or points of resemblance.
4) Personification: (擬人）
It gives human form of feelings to animals, or life and personal attributes(賦予) to inanimate(無生命的) objects, or to ideas and abstractions(抽象). For example, the wind whistled through the trees.
5) Hyperbole: (夸張）：
It is the deliberate use of overstatement or exaggeration to achieve emphasis. For instance, he almost died laughing.
6) Understatement: (含蓄陳述）
It is the opposite of hyperbole, or overstatement. It achieves its effect of emphasizing a fact by deliberately(故意地) understating it, impressing the listener or the reader more by what is merely implied or left unsaid than by bare statement. For instance, It is no laughing matter.
7) Euphemism: (委婉）
It is the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive(無冒犯) expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant. For instance, we refer to "die" as” pass away".
8) Metonymy (轉喻）
It is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the mane of one thing for that of another. For instance, the pen (words) is mightier than the sword (forces).
9) Synecdoche (提喻）
It is involves the substitution of the part for the whole, or the whole for the part. For instance, they say there's bread and work for all. She was dressed in silks.
10) Antonomasia (換喻）
It has also to do with substitution. It is not often mentioned now, though it is still in frequent use. For example, Solomon for a wise man. Daniel for a wise and fair judge. Judas for a traitor.
11) Pun: (雙關語）
It is a play on words, or rather a play on the form and meaning of words. For instance, a cannon-ball took off his legs, so he laid down his arms. (Here "arms" has two meanings: a person's body; weapons carried by a soldier.)
12) Solipsism: (一語雙敘）
It has two connotations. In the first case, it is a figure by which a word, or a particular form or inflection of a word, refers to two or more words in the same sentence, while properly applying to or agreeing with only on of them in grammar or syntax(句法). For example, He addressed you and me, and desired us to follow him. (Here we are used to refer to you and me.)
In the second case, it a word may refer to two or more words in the same sentence. For example, while he was fighting, and losing limb and mind, and dying, others stayed behind to pursue education and career. (Here to losing one's limbs in literal; to lose one's mind is figurative, and means to go mad.)
13) Zeugma: (軛式搭配）
It is a single word which is made to modify or to govern two or more words in the same sentence, wither properly applying in sense to only one of them, or applying to them in different senses. For example, the sun shall not burn you by day or the moon by night. (Here noon is not strong enough to burn)
14) Irony: (反語）
It is a figure of speech that achieves emphasis by saying the opposite of what is meant, the intended meaning of the words being the opposite of their usual sense. For instance, we are lucky, what you said makes me feel real good. 15) Innuendo: (暗諷） It is a mild form of irony, hinting in a rather roundabout (曲折)way at something disparaging(不一致) or uncomplimentary(不贊美) to the person or subject mentioned. For example, the weatherman said it would be worm. He must take his readings in a bathroom.
16) Sarcasm: (諷刺）
It Sarcasm is a strong form of irony. It attacks in a taunting and bitter manner, and its aim is to disparage, ridicule and wound the feelings of the subject attacked. For example, laws are like cobwebs, which may catch small flies, but let wasps break through.
17) Paradox: (似非而是的雋語）
It is a figure of speech consisting of a statement or proposition which on the face of it seems self-contradictory, absurd or contrary toestablished fact or practice, but which onfurther thinking and study may prove to be true, well-founded, and even to contain a succinct point. For example more haste, less speed.
18) Oxymoron: (矛盾修飾）
It is a compressed paradox, formed by the conjoining(結合) of two contrasting, contradictory or incongruous(不協調) terms as in bitter-sweet memories, orderly chaos(混亂) and proud humility(侮辱).
19) Antithesis: (對照）
It is the deliberate arrangement of contrasting words or ideas in balanced structural forms to achieve emphasis. For example, speech is silver; silence is golden.
20) Epigram: (警句）
It states a simple truth pithily(有利地) and pungently(強烈地). It is usually terse and arouses interest and surprise by its deep insight into certain aspects of human behavior or feeling. For instance, Few, save the poor, feel for the poor.
21) Climax: (漸進）
It is derived from the Greek word for "ladder" and implies the progression of thought at a uniform or almost uniform rate of significance or intensity, like the steps of a ladder ascending evenly. For example, I came, I saw, I conquered.
22) Anti-climax or bathos: (突降）
It is the opposite of Climax. It involves stating one's thoughts in a descending order of significance or intensity, from strong to weak, from weighty to light or frivolous. For instance, But thousands die, without or this or that, die, and endow(賦予) a college, or a cat.
23) Apostrophe： (頓呼）
In this figure of speech, a thing, place, idea or person (dead or absent) is addressed as if present, listening and understanding what is being said.
For instance, England! awake! awake! awake!
24) Transferred Epithet: (轉類形容詞）
It is a figure of speech where an epithet (an adjective or descriptive phrase) is transferred from the noun it should rightly modify(修飾) to another to which it does not really apply or belong. For instance, I spent sleepless nights on my project.
25) Alliteration: (頭韻）
It has to do with the sound rather than the sense of words for effect. It is a device that repeats the same sound at frequent intervals(間隔) and since the sound repeated is usually the initial consonant sound, it is also called "front rhyme". For instance, the fair breeze blew, the white foam flew, the furrow followed free.
26) Onomatopoeia: (擬聲）
It is a device that uses words which imitate the sounds made by an object (animate or inanimate), or which are associated with or suggestive(提示的) of some action or movement。
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