高考英語閱讀理解主旨大意題答題方法
高考復(fù)習(xí)的重點(diǎn)一是要掌握所有的知識點(diǎn)，二就是要大量的做題，下面小編就為各位考生帶來了英語閱讀理解主旨大意題答題方法，希望對考生有幫助。
Ⅰ.每日經(jīng)典諺語和句型背誦與仿寫
1.Nothing is too difficult if you put your heart into it.
世上無難事，只怕有心人。
2....as...as possible=...as...as one can 盡可能……
活學(xué)活用
仿照上述句型，翻譯下列句子。
(1)我們應(yīng)該盡可能地多讀書。
__________________________________________________________________________
(2)政府部門必須盡快采取行動保護(hù)河流被污染。
______________________________________________________________________________
We should read as many books as possible./ We should read as many books as we can.
The government must take actions to prevent the river from being polluted as soon as possible.
Ⅱ.閱讀理解之主旨大意題 我們閱讀一篇文章， 首先是要了解其大意， 明確其主旨。因此， 主旨大意題是常考題。主旨大意題包括：主要內(nèi)容(main idea, mainly about)型、文章標(biāo)題(title)型、寫作目的(purpose)型。廣東高考近幾年來考查過的題目中mainly about只考過4題，title題考了5題， purpose題考了5題。
◎解題技巧
1.弄清文章的大意， 關(guān)鍵是找到主題句。
主題句的位置：主題句通常在文首、文末或首尾呼應(yīng)， 有時也在文中，或沒有主題句，需根據(jù)文章所述內(nèi)容進(jìn)行歸納。各段的主題句也常在該段的首句或尾句。議論文和說明文一般有主題句，但記敘文通常沒有主題句，需要?dú)w納。
2.找主題句的方法：用瀏覽法(skimming)，即
快速閱讀文首、文尾，或每段的首句和尾句等，搜索主題線索和主題信息。找主題句的四個小竅門：
(1)段落中出現(xiàn)表轉(zhuǎn)折的詞語(如however, but, in fact, actually等)時， 該句很可能是主題句。
(2)首段出現(xiàn)疑問句時， 對該問題的回答很可能就是文章主旨。
(3)作者有意識地反復(fù)重復(fù)的觀點(diǎn)，通常是主旨;反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞語，一般為體現(xiàn)文章主旨的關(guān)鍵詞。
(4)表示總結(jié)或結(jié)論的話常有therefore, thus, in short, conclude, conclusion等。
3.關(guān)于干擾項(xiàng)和正確答案。
(1)干擾項(xiàng)可能屬文中某個具體事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié);可能屬文中某些 (不完全的)事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)片面推出的錯誤結(jié)論;可能屬非文章事實(shí)的主觀臆斷。
(2)正確答案：是根據(jù)文章意思全面理解而歸納概括出來的;但不能太籠統(tǒng)、言過其實(shí)或以偏概全。
4.在閱讀理解中，主旨大意題常有以下幾種命題方式： (1)Main idea型：選擇項(xiàng)多為陳述句，要求考生選擇表達(dá)作者思想或觀點(diǎn)的句子。題干多為如下形式：
①What's the main idea/point of the passage?
②The passage is mainly about________.
③The passage is mainly concerned about________.
④Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?
⑤Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea/theme of the passage?
⑥In this passage the author discusses primarily______.
⑦The subject discussed in this text is________.
⑧The general/main idea of the passage is about________.
(2)Main purpose型：選擇項(xiàng)多為動賓結(jié)構(gòu)，要求考生找到主要的寫作目的，常見以下幾種題干形式：
①What's the purpose of the passage?
②The passage is meant to________.
③The purpose of the article is to________.
④In this passage the writer tries to tell us that________.
⑤The passage tells us that________.
⑥The author's main purpose in writing the passage is to ...
(3)標(biāo)題型：選擇文章標(biāo)題是另一類對主旨大意題考查的形式，命題形式：
①The best title of the passage is________.
②Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
③The best title for the passage is________.
④The most appropriate title of the passage is________.
In the animal kingdom, weakness can bring about aggression in other animal. This sometimes happens with humans also. But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people. I see it every day when people hold doors for me, pour cream into my coffee, or help me to put on my coat. And I have discovered that it makes them happy.
典型例析
From my wheelchair experience, I see the best in people...Often, we try every way possible to avoid showing our weakness...But only when we stop
pretending we're brave or strong do we allow people to show the kindness that's in them.
30.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A.A Wheelchair Experience.
B.Weakness and Kindness.
C.Weakness and Strength.
D.A Driving Experience
解析：主旨大意題。在第一段中，出現(xiàn)了表轉(zhuǎn)折的But...可知，“But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people”便是主題句，再根據(jù)第二段最后一句可以確定，這句的確是主題句。又因標(biāo)題要簡明、醒目，故選B。
答案：B In a world with limited land, water and other natural resources (資源), the harm from the traditional business model is on the rise. Actually, the past decade has seen more and more forests disappearing and globe becoming increasingly warm. People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed, and that we must be able to develop in sustainable (可持續(xù)的)ways. That means growth with low carbon or development of sustainable
products.In other words, we should keep the earth healthy while using its supply of natural resources.
Today, sustainable development is a proper trend in many countries....In recent years the markets for sustainable products have grown by more than 50%.
45.What is the main purpose of the passage?
A.To introduce a new business model.
B.To compare two business models.
C.To predict a change of the global market.
D.To advocate sustainable development.
解析：主旨大意題。在第一段中，出現(xiàn)了轉(zhuǎn)折的Actually，其后的“People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed，and that we must be able to develop in sustainable(可持續(xù)的)ways”是主題句，隨后的兩句話都是對這一句進(jìn)
行解釋;句中兩個must清楚表明了作者“提倡可持續(xù)發(fā)展”，第二段首句“Today，sustainable development is a proper trend in many countries”進(jìn)一步說明，作者寫這篇文章的主要目的是“提倡可持續(xù)發(fā)展”。故選D。
答案：D
Although the use of the expression is an insincere, meaningless social custom at times, there is nothing wrong with the sentence except that it is little uninteresting. The salesgirl, the waitress, the teacher, and all the countless others who speak it without thinking may not really care about my day. But in a strange and comfortable way, it's nice to know they care enough to pretend they care when they really don't care all that much. While the expression may not often
be sincere, it is always spoken. The point is that people say it all the time when they like.
30.What is the best title of the passage?
A.Have a Nice Day — a Social Custom
B.Have a Nice Day — a Pleasant Gesture
C.Have a Nice Day — a Heartwarming Greeting
D.Have a Nice Day — a Polite Ending of a Conversation
解析：主旨大意題。由該段的第一句(特別是custom一詞)可知。
答案：A
(2013年高考)Imagination and fantasy can play an important role in achieving the things we fear.Children know this very well. Fred Epstein，in his book If I Make It to Five，tells a story he heard from one of friends about Tom，a fouryearold boy with a cancer in his back bone.He came through several operations and a lot of pain by mastering his imagination
…
It doesn't mean that you should dress as a superhero for you next job interview. But，next time you are tested in a way that seems impossible, imagine what it would take to overcome it. Become the person you need to become to win over your challenge and do it in your mind first. So，let your imagination run wild，and dare to dream.
30.What is the purpose of the passage?
A.To tell us an interesting story.
B.To help us make right decisions.
C.To advise us to care about children.
D.To encourage us to use our imagination.
解析：主旨大意題。由文章首句Imagination and fantasy can play an important role in achieving the things we fear和全文末句So, let your imagination run wild, and dare to dream可知，作者寫這篇文章的目的是鼓勵我們運(yùn)用我們的想象力。
答案：D
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