英語四級考前比較和對比寫作方法急訓
比較（comparison）主要是指出兩個或兩個以上不同種類的事物的'共同點或相似之處， 如人物、地點、事物、思想、觀點等。對照（contrast）主要是指出它們的不同點。相同的或類似的特征可以組成比較，不同的特征則可以組成對照。不僅如此，比較和對比常常同時使用，這是因為比較中往往隱含著對比。
比較和對比常有兩種形式，即整體比較和對比（block comparison and contrast）與逐項比較（alternating comparison）。「Example 」Although Ulysses S. Grant and Robert E. Lee were fierce adversaries during the Civil War， their lives， both military and nonmilitary， has a great deal in common. Grant descended from a family whose members participated in the American Revolution. He received his commission of second lieutenant from West Point and served in the Spanish-American War. He was later summoned by President Lincoln to assume command of the Union Forces during the Civil War.
After the Civil War， Grant suffered financial problems and was forced to declare bankruptcy. Lee also descended from a family which engaged in the American Revolution. He， too， received his commission from West Point and later fought in Mexico during the Spanish-American War. His fame as a military strategist during the Civil War， when he was the commander of the Confederate armies， is well known. Although it is not always pointed out by historians he， like Grant， had financial difficulties after the civil War and was compelled to out by historians he， like Grant， had financial difficulties after the civil War and was compelled todeclare bankruptcy. By securing a post as president of Washington College， he was able to avoid additional poverty. （整體比較）
The same qualities that make people good house guests make them good hospital patients. Good house guests can expect a reasonable amount of service and effort on their behalf， and hospital patients can also. Guests have to adjust to what is for them a change， and certainly hospital patients must do the same. No one appreciates a complaining， unpleasant， unappreciative house guest， and the hospital staff is no exception. Hose guests who expect vast changes to be made for their benefit are not popular for long. Certainly nurses and other personnel with their routines feel the same way about patients in their care. Just as house guests must make adjustments to enjoy their visits， so patients must make adjustments to make their stays reasonably pleasant and satisfying under the circumstances.（逐項比較）
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