托福語法：口語中非謂語動(dòng)詞的使用
以下是小編帶來的托福語法：口語中非謂語動(dòng)詞的使用，歡迎閱讀。
口語中很多時(shí)候需要非謂語動(dòng)詞的語法運(yùn)用，但是大多數(shù)學(xué)生對(duì)于這個(gè)現(xiàn)象只是聽過，但是使用起來卻不知所以然。所以我在課上我會(huì)跟學(xué)生，尤其是基礎(chǔ)較好的學(xué)生來推薦用這個(gè)語法在口語中，這樣使口語的句子含金量更高，聽起來更加高大上。為了使學(xué)生正確使用，我會(huì)事先做個(gè)統(tǒng)一的講解，然后再要求學(xué)生盡量用在接下的表達(dá)中，這樣會(huì)減少出錯(cuò)的概率，即使出錯(cuò)了，經(jīng)過我糾正，學(xué)生便知道錯(cuò)在哪里。
在英語中,不作句子謂語,而具有除謂語外其他語法功能的動(dòng)詞,叫做非謂語動(dòng)詞.非謂語動(dòng)詞有動(dòng)詞不定式;動(dòng)名詞;現(xiàn)在分詞;過去分詞。
用法是：
一、動(dòng)詞不定式：(to)+do, 具有名詞、形容詞、副詞的特征。
1. 不定式的形式：
否定式：not + (to) do
(1) 一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之后, 例如：I'm glad to meet you.
(2)進(jìn)行式：不定式的進(jìn)行式所表示的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,例如：The boy pretended to beworking hard.
(3)完成式：不定式的完成式表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前,例如：I regretted to have told a lie.
2.不定式的句法功能：
(1)作主語：
To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.
動(dòng)詞不定式短語作主語時(shí),常用it作形式主語,例如可用如下形式：
It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.
(2)作表語：
Her job is to clean the hall.
(3)作賓語：
常與不定式做賓語連用的動(dòng)詞有：want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse,manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式(賓語)后面有賓語補(bǔ)足語,則用it作形式賓語,真正的賓語(不定式)后置,放在賓語補(bǔ)足語后面,例如：
Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.
(4)作賓語補(bǔ)足語：
在復(fù)合賓語中,動(dòng)詞不定式可充當(dāng)賓語補(bǔ)足語,如下動(dòng)詞常跟這種復(fù)合賓語：want, wish, ask, tell, order,beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite.
(5)作定語：
動(dòng)詞不定式作定語,放在所修飾的名詞或代詞后.與所修飾名詞有如下關(guān)系：
�、賱�(dòng)賓關(guān)系：
I have a meeting to attend.
注意：不定式為不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),所修飾的名詞如果是地點(diǎn)、工具等,應(yīng)有必要的介詞,如：
He found a good house to live in.
The child has nothing to worry about.
What did you open it with?
如果不定式修飾time, place, way,可以省略介詞：
He has no place to live.
This is the best way to work out this problem.
如果不定式所修飾名詞是不定式動(dòng)作承受者,不定式可用主動(dòng)式也可用被動(dòng)式：
Have you got anything to send?
Have you got anything to be sent?
�、谡f明所修飾名詞的內(nèi)容：
We have made a plan to finish the work.
③被修飾名詞是不定式邏輯主語：
He is the first to get here.
(6)作狀語：
①表目的：
He worked day and night to get the money.
She sold her hair to buy the watch chain.
注意不定式放句首時(shí),邏輯主語與句子主語要一致：
wrong：To save money, every means has been tried.
right：To save money, he has tried every means.
wrong：To learn English well, a dictionary is needed.
right：To learn English well, he needs a dictionary.
�、诒斫Y(jié)果：
He arrived late to find the train gone.
常用only放在不定式前表示強(qiáng)調(diào)：
I visited him only to find him out.
③表原因：
They were very sad to hear the news.
④表程度：
It's too dark for us to see anything.
The question is simple for him to answer.
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