托福寫作高分模板必備
導語：盡管“模板”效果有限，但短期提高得分的技巧還是很多。下面是cnfla小編收集整理的一些托福寫作的模板，希望對您有幫助!
在托福寫作實戰中，rhetorical question的使用能夠起到很好的加分作用。為了說明rhetorical question的加分作用，請看托福Official Guide評卷人對一篇題為Dishonesty Kills Reliability的滿分作文的點評。下面是點評中關于language的comment：
The writer's language is fluent, accurate, and varied enough to effectively support the progression and connection of ideas. There is a variety of sentence structures, including rhetorical questions.
評卷人把rhetorical questions看做加分點!
從上面的點評中，我們可以清楚的得出這個結論——至少評卷人把上述段落中的反問句視作一種“句型變化”而加以肯定和褒揚。
那么，何謂rhetorical question?Rhetorical question會不會很難?
我們先來看在托福Official Guide里備受評卷人贊譽的rhetorical question實例。在原文第四段中，為了說明honesty的重要性作者是這樣寫的：
In any relationship of mine, I would wish that first of all, the person I'm dealing with is honest.Even though s/he thinks that s/he did something wrong that I wouldn't like,s/he'd better tell me the truth and not lie about it. Later on if I find out about a lie or hear the truth from someone else, that'd be much more unpleasant. In that case how can I ever believe or trust that person again?How can I ever believe that this person has enough confidence in me to forgive him/her and carry on with the relationship from there.……
提問而不需對方回答，提問只是為了表明并強調作者的立場。這不就是漢語中的“反問”嗎?維基百科對反問句的定義是：
A rhetorical question is a figure of speech in the form of a question thatis asked to make a point rather than to elicit an answer. Though a rhetorical question does not require a direct answer, in many cases it may beintended to start a discussion or at least draw an acknowledgement that thelistener understands the intended message.
還有學者對反問的定義更加清楚：
A rhetorical question is asked just for effect or to lay emphasison some point discussed when no real answer is expected.
那么，rhetorical question為什么能夠收到評卷人的贊譽而得到加分?這就要從托福作文的評分標準說起了。托福Official Guide里面對于高分作文的要求(Scoring Rubic)描述如下：
*Effectively addresses the topicand task
*Is well organized and well developed, appropriate explanations, exemplifications, and / or details
*Display Unity, progression, and coherence
*Display consistent use of language,demonstrating syntactic variety, appropriate word choice, and idiomaticity
從上面的評分標準可以清楚看出，rhetorical question能夠幫助我們滿足實現評分標準第四條中的“demonstrating syntactic variety”。這也正是官方指南中評卷人的點評。
其實，除了體現“句型變化”，合理使用rhetorical question還能幫助我們滿足評分標準第一條的要求“effectively addresses the topic and task”。事實上，rhetorical question不僅能夠有效的回應主題，還能強調作者的觀點從而獲得讀者的認同。rhetorical question的這種強調作用最著名的范例可能算是雪萊《西風頌》Ode to the West Wind的結尾了：
“O Wind,If Winter comes,can Spring be far behind?”
另外，問句，尤其是設問的合理使用還能起到很好的銜接作用，也就是評分標準的第三條“Display Unity, progression, and coherence”。因此，有學者把rhetorical question的篇章作用總結如下：
? Emphasize a point
? Persuade powerfully
? Influence subtly
? Provoke thinking
? Help smooth transition
限于篇幅，對這些作用就不一一舉例了。順便說一下，rhetorical question后面的標點并不一定總是question mark，有時也可以是句號或感嘆號。
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