英語(yǔ)閱讀理解重點(diǎn)剖析
考研英語(yǔ)考查重點(diǎn)無(wú)非幾點(diǎn)：文章主旨和言外之意的把握，這種類型的題目，每篇文章都會(huì)出現(xiàn)；細(xì)節(jié)題，需要參照文章原文，消化理解每一個(gè)選項(xiàng)，這類題目是閱讀理解的主體；詞義的推測(cè)一般每年1-2道題。
實(shí)例剖析
下面我們來(lái)分析一下1994年碩士研究生英語(yǔ)入學(xué)試卷閱讀理解部分第二篇文章及其試題的類型，以便更直觀具體地了解文章的體裁和試題的命題方式：
One hundred and thirteen million Americans have at least one bank issued credit card. They give their owners automatic credit on stores，restaurants，and hotels，at home，across the country，and even abroad，and they make many banking services available as well，More and more of these credit cards can be read automatically，making it possible to withdraw or deposit money in scattered locations，whether or not the local branch bank is open. For many of us the“ cashless society” is not on the horizon-it s already here.
While computers offer these conveniences to consumers，they have many advantages for sellers too. Electronic cash registers can do much more than simply ring up sales. They can keep a wide range of records，including who sold what，when, and to whom. This information allows businessmen to keep track of their list of goods by showing which items are being sold and how fast they are moving. Decisions to reorder or return goods to suppliers can then be made. At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employees are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns. Computers are relied on by manufacturers for similar reasons. Computer analyzed marketing reports can help to decide which products to emphasize now, which to develop for the future, and which to drop. Computers keep track of goods in stock, of raw materials on hand, and even of the production process itself.
Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.
1.According to the passage, the credit card enables its owner to.
A. withdraw as much money from the bank as he wishes
B. obtain more convenient services than other people do
C. enjoy greater trust from the storekeeper
D. cash moneys where she wishes to
本題測(cè)試考生對(duì)段落(第一段)內(nèi)容的理解能力。第一段中作者首先講了信用卡在美國(guó)的普及程度及其使用，由此而給信用卡的持有者所帶來(lái)的方便。可見(jiàn)，所給的4個(gè)選擇中B.obtain more convenient services than other people do最為切題。
2.From the last sentence of the first paragraph we learn that.
A. in the future all the Americans will use credit cards
B. credit cards are mainly used in the United States today
C. nowadays many Americans do not pay in cash
D. it is now more convenient to use credit cards than before
本題測(cè)試考生對(duì)段落中的某個(gè)句子的理解能力。第一段最后一句的`意思是：對(duì)于我們中的許多人來(lái)說(shuō)“不用現(xiàn)金付款的社會(huì)”不是在遙遠(yuǎn)的將來(lái)——這個(gè)社會(huì)已經(jīng)來(lái)到了。可見(jiàn)，C.nowadays many Americans do not pay in cash(如今美國(guó)人不用現(xiàn)金付款)表達(dá)第一段最后一句的含義。A意為“將來(lái)所有美國(guó)人都將使用信用卡”，說(shuō)得太絕對(duì)，與所指句子的句意不符。B意為“今天信用卡主要在美國(guó)使用”與所指句子的意思相悖。D意為“現(xiàn)在使用信用卡比以前更方便”，也不合所指句子的句意。故A、B、D均不能入選。
3.The phrase “ring up sales”(Line 2,Para.2) most probably means“”.
A. make ansgroups of goods
B. record sales on a cash register
C. call the sales manager
D. keep track of the goods in stock
本題測(cè)試考生根據(jù)上下文判斷短語(yǔ)含義的能力。ring up sales意為“把銷售金額記入現(xiàn)金記錄機(jī)”。作者認(rèn)為，這是電子現(xiàn)金記錄機(jī)的最基本功能。接著作者列舉了這種機(jī)器的各種其他功能。故應(yīng)選B。
4.What is this passage mainly about?
A. Approaches to the commercial use of computers.
B. Conveniences brought about by computers in business.
C. Significance of automation in commercial enterprises.
D. Advantages of credit cards in business.
本題測(cè)試考生對(duì)文章大意的判析能力。本文共3段：第一段主要講信用卡已在美國(guó)得到廣泛使用并給使用者帶來(lái)莫大方便；第二段敘述信用卡是以計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)為依托的，計(jì)算機(jī)在現(xiàn)代商業(yè)中廣泛使用，完成各種各樣的任務(wù)；第三段講述無(wú)數(shù)其他的商業(yè)企業(yè)受益于計(jì)算機(jī)的使用。所以，全文的中心思想是講計(jì)算機(jī)在各種商業(yè)行業(yè)中給人們帶來(lái)的便利。由此可見(jiàn)，B. Conveniences brought about by computers in business最符合題意。
從上述文章及所列試題中不難看出，研究生英語(yǔ)入學(xué)考試中閱讀理解考試部分主要測(cè)試考生對(duì)短語(yǔ)或句子內(nèi)容的理解能力和對(duì)段落或全文內(nèi)容的判斷和推理能力。
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