高考英語(yǔ)閱讀細(xì)節(jié)理解題解題技巧
一、題型介紹：
過(guò)去在閱讀理解題中占很大比例。細(xì)節(jié)題要求考生具備快速尋找信息的，采用針對(duì)性進(jìn)行閱讀。多數(shù)情況下，作者不會(huì)明確地呈現(xiàn)一個(gè)事實(shí)，讀者需根據(jù)已有的信息進(jìn)行處理，讀出言外之意。還要特別注意文章的時(shí)間順序、故事發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)、情節(jié)的發(fā)展、和人物之間的關(guān)系。
考查文章細(xì)節(jié)理解的測(cè)
① This article is particularly written for ___.?
② When the writer says … he really means ___.?
③ The author's attitude to… is that ___.?
④ What kind of atmosphere does the writer want to create in this passage??
⑤ The writer regards… as ___.?
⑥ The writer's purpose in writing this story is ___.
二、細(xì)節(jié)題具體方法與步驟：
①排除干擾項(xiàng) ，突出主題。事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題的設(shè)計(jì)干擾項(xiàng)一般都是某一細(xì)節(jié)的錯(cuò)誤敘述與論斷，可先排除干擾項(xiàng)。作為命題內(nèi)容的細(xì)節(jié)一般總是短文的要點(diǎn)活主要論據(jù)。因此正確的選項(xiàng)往往與短文的主題密切相關(guān)。
② 按文章的體裁，作者寫作的組織模式及有關(guān)的信息詞，如for example，first，second…等預(yù)測(cè)應(yīng)該到何處尋找自己所需要的事實(shí)。
③ 將自己精力放在尋找你所需要的細(xì)節(jié)上，快速通篇跳讀，眼睛自左至右，自上而下呈Z形掃視，直到找到細(xì)節(jié)出處，待找到含細(xì)節(jié)句子時(shí)，放慢速度，仔細(xì)核對(duì)比較內(nèi)容，直至找到答案。
④注意識(shí)別指代詞語(yǔ)。為避免重復(fù)，文章中對(duì)多次提及的事物或現(xiàn)象會(huì)使用不同的詞語(yǔ)，如同義詞、近義詞、代詞等。
三、考題探究
Most people think of racing when they see greyhounds(灰狗) and believe they need lots of exercise. They can actually be quite lazy! Greyhounds are good at fast races but not long-distance running. They do need regular exercise but they like to run for a short burst and then get back on the bed or a comfortable seat. Another misunderstanding is that greyhounds must be aggressive(好斗的) because they are big in size. In fact greyhounds love people and are gentle with children.
Greyhounds can live for 12-14 years but usually only race for two or three years, and after that they make great pets. They don’t need a lot of space, don’t make a lot of noise, and don’t eat a lot for their size.
Normally, greyhounds can be as tall as 90 cm. There is, however, a small-sized greyhound, which stands only 33 cm. Greyhounds come in a variety of colors. Grey and yellowish-brown are the most common. Others include black, white, blue, red and brown or a mix of these.
Greyhounds have smooth body coats, low body fat and are very healthy. Because they’re slim（苗條的）they don’t have the leg problems like other dogs the same height. But they do feel the cold. Especially since they would much rather be at home in bed thanwalking around outside.
1 Why does the author say that greyhounds make great pets?
A. They are big in size.
B. They live a very long life.
C. They can run races for some time.
D. They are quiet and easy to look after.
2 . If you keep a pet greyhound, it is important .
A. to keep it slim
B. to keep it warm
C. to take special care of its legs
D. to take it to animal doctors regularly
學(xué)海導(dǎo)航
1 D 從題目可以看出該題目是考查對(duì)文章細(xì)節(jié)理解的題目。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境，注意上下文的關(guān)系，注意查找關(guān)鍵信息。由文章的第二段的內(nèi)容來(lái)看，文章用了三個(gè)具有否定意義的排比句They don’t need a lot of space, don’t make a lot of noise, and don’t eat a lot for their size.，分析了灰狗的習(xí)性和特點(diǎn)，尤其是在點(diǎn)明了they make great pets之后，又對(duì)其原因進(jìn)行了分析，此時(shí)我們就可以根據(jù)文章的講解來(lái)推斷題目。故該題目的關(guān)鍵是對(duì)文章第二段的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行分析，歸納，然后得出結(jié)論。
2 B 由題目可知該題應(yīng)該是個(gè)對(duì)文章細(xì)節(jié)的推斷題。由該題考查的內(nèi)容，我們可以講注意力放在文章的最后一段。最后一段中提到灰狗沒(méi)有其他類型狗的腿的毛病，因此 C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。文章特別提到they do feel the cold.，說(shuō)明他們怕冷，因此就需要保暖了。故B項(xiàng)是正確答案。
四、實(shí)例演練
Some children are natural-born bosses. They have a strong need to make decisions, manage their environment, and lead rather than follow. Stephen Jackson, a Year One student, “operates under the theory of what’s mine is mine and what’s yours is mine,” says his mother. “The other day I bought two new Star Wars light sabers（劍）。 Later, I saw Stephen with the two new ones while his brother was using the beat-up ones.”
“Examine the extended family, and you’ll probably find a bossy grandparent, aunt, uncle or cousin in every generation. It’s an inheritable trait,” says Russell Barkley, a professor at the Medical University of South Carolina. Other children who may not be particularly bossy can gradually gain dominance（支配地位） when they sense their parents are weak, hesitant, or in disagreement with each other.
Whether it’s inborn nature or developed character at work, too much control in the hands at the young isn’t healthy for children or the family, Fear is at the root of a lot of bossy behavior, says family psychologist John Taylor. Children, he says in his book From Defiance to Cooperation, “have secret feelings of weakness” and “a desire to feel safe.” It’s the parents’ role to provide that protection.
When a “boss child” doesn’t learn limits at home, the stage is set for a host of troubles outside the family. The overly willful and unbending child may have trouble obeying teachers or coaches, for example, or trouble keeping friends. It can be pretty lonely as thetop dog if no one likes your bossy ways.
“I see more and more parents giving up their power,” says Barkley, who has studied bossy behavior for more than 30 years. “They bend too far because they don’t want to be as strict as their own parents were. But they also feel less confident about their parenting skills. Their kids, in turn, feel more anxious.”
1、 Bossy children like Stephen Jackson.
A. make good decisions
B. show self-centeredness
C. lack care from others
D. have little sense of fear
【點(diǎn)津】 B 該題目主要是對(duì)文章的細(xì)節(jié)的考查，我們?cè)谧x完題目后，我們可以將注意力放在第一段中的I saw Stephen with the two new ones while his brother was using the beat-up ones.”在認(rèn)真分析后我們可知Stephen 不知道對(duì)別人關(guān)心、照顧，而是以自我為中心。故B 項(xiàng)是正確答案。
五、經(jīng)驗(yàn)總結(jié):
通過(guò)對(duì)上面內(nèi)容的講解和自己練習(xí)我們可以做出一下的總結(jié):
1 定位能力很重要，要通過(guò)不斷的做練習(xí)來(lái)進(jìn)行有意識(shí)的培養(yǎng)。
2 細(xì)節(jié)理解題通常是定位部分的變體或者是重復(fù)，即意思相同但表達(dá)的方式會(huì)有所變化。
3 切忌通過(guò)自己對(duì)某類的主觀了解做出憑空的判斷，每一道題目的選擇都離不開對(duì)原文的理解和把握，答題時(shí)要力求緊扣文章中心來(lái)尋找解題的線索。
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