英語四級語法精講-獨立主格結構
大學英語四級考試涉及的語法知識點多、涉及面寬，對不少考生來說都是一個難題。下面就來和小編一起看看英語四級語法精講——獨立主格結構吧。
一 、獨立結構的構成：
只有當分詞短語的邏輯主語和句子主語不一致時，我們才能用獨立結構。獨立結構只用做狀語，多用于書面語言。常見的獨立結構有以下幾種：
(一) 名詞/代詞+分詞（包括現在分詞和過去分詞）：
1 The boy ran quickly, his father following. (表示伴隨情況)
2 He lay on his back, his hands acrossed under his head. (表示伴隨情況)
（二）名詞/代詞+形容詞：
1、They started home, their minds full of plans for increasing production. (表示伴隨情況)
2、 He was silent for a moment, his lips tight. (表示伴隨情況)
（三）名詞/代詞+副詞：
1、 He put on his socks, wrong side out. (表示補充說明)
2 、The war over, all the Chinese people’s volunteers came back to China. (表示補充說明)
（四）名詞/代詞+介詞（短語）
1 、She came in, a baby in her arms. (表示伴隨情況)
2 、He went off, gun in hand. (表示伴隨情況)
二、獨立結構在句子中的作用：
獨立結構在句子中只能做狀語，這種結構可以用來：
（一）表示時間：
His homework done, Jim decided to go and see the play.
(=After his homework was done, he decided to go and see the play.)
（二）表示原因：
The last bus having gone, we had to walk home.
(=Because the last bus having gone, we had to walk home. )
（三）表示條件：
Weather permitting, we’ll go for an outing tomorrow.
(=If weather permitting, we’ll go for an outing tomorrow.)
（四）表示伴隨情況或伴隨狀況：
They walked through the forest, an old hunter leading the way.
（五）表示補充說明：
He lived in a wooden house with two rooms, one being a bedroom and the other being an office.
(=He lived in a wooden house with two rooms, one was a bedroom, the other was an office.)
三、獨立變格的變化
在帶有邏輯主語的分詞及其短語前加”with”
1、——Why are they taking all the equipment away?
——The job_____, they are packing up to leave.
A. it to done B. did C. was did D. done
2、Other things being equal, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than the man whose command of language is poor.
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