when和while引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別及用法
連接時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞有：when、before、after、while、assoonas、until、since......如果主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，從句只能用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)意義。下面小編為您收集整理了when和while引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別及用法，歡迎閱讀!
when和while引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的基本區(qū)別：
(一)、when，while都有“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”的意思。
when既可表示某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間，也可以表示某一段時(shí)間 。在when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以是延續(xù)性的，也可以是非延續(xù)性的，可與主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生，也可在其后發(fā)生。
例如： 1、I was just reading a book when she came into my room.
她走進(jìn)我房間時(shí)，我正在看書(shū)。
2、Were you writing when the teacher came in?
老師進(jìn)來(lái)的時(shí)候，你在寫(xiě)信嗎?
3、When he was a child he was always trying out new ideas.
他小時(shí)候就常常試驗(yàn)一些新的設(shè)想。
(二)、while只能表示某一段時(shí)間，不能表示某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間。
在while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能是延續(xù)性的，而且也只能與主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生或存在。
例1、While Jim was mending his bike, Lin Tao came to see him.
正當(dāng)吉姆修自行車(chē)時(shí)，林濤來(lái)看他。
2、You can’t do your homework while you’re watching TV.
你不能一邊看電視一邊做家庭作業(yè)。
(三)、另外，when和while的區(qū)別還在于：
while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句多用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，而when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句多用一般時(shí)態(tài)。
例如：
1、While they were talking , the bell rang.
正在他們談話的時(shí)候，上課鈴響了。
2、I was doing my homework when my mother came back home yesterday evening.
昨天晚上媽媽回家的時(shí)候，我正在做家庭作
通過(guò)觀察，我們可以這樣理解：when引導(dǎo)的從句里動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間相對(duì)主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間要短些;while引導(dǎo)的從句里的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間相對(duì)主句而言更長(zhǎng)些。
when和while引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的講解：
When，While，As引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別
when，while，as顯然都可以引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，但用法區(qū)別非常大。
一、when可以和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用，也可以和短暫性動(dòng)詞連用;而while和as只能和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用。
① Why do you want a new job when you’ve got such a good one already?(get為短暫性動(dòng)詞)你已經(jīng)找到如此好的工作，為何還想再找新的?
②Sorry，I was out when you called me.(call為短暫性動(dòng)詞)對(duì)不起，你打電話時(shí)我剛好外出了。
③Strike while the iron is hot.(is為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，表示一種持續(xù)的狀態(tài))趁熱打鐵。
④ The students took notes as they listened.(listen為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞)學(xué)生們邊聽(tīng)課邊做筆記。
二、when從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前、之后或同時(shí)發(fā)生;while和as從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作必須是和主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。
1.從句動(dòng)作在主句動(dòng)作前發(fā)生，只用 when。
①When he had finished his homework，he took a short rest.(finished先發(fā)生)當(dāng)他完成作業(yè)后，他休息了一會(huì)兒。
②When I got to the airport，the guests had left.(got to后發(fā)生)
當(dāng)我趕到飛機(jī)場(chǎng)時(shí)，客人們已經(jīng)離開(kāi)了。
2從句動(dòng)作和主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，且從句動(dòng)作為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí)，when，while，as都可用。
①When /While /As we were dancing，a stranger came in.(dance為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞)當(dāng)我們跳舞時(shí)，一位陌生人走了進(jìn)來(lái)。
②When /While /As she was making a phone call，I was writing a letter.(make為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞)當(dāng)她在打電話時(shí)，我正在寫(xiě)信。
3.當(dāng)主句、從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行，從句動(dòng)作的時(shí)間概念淡化，而主要表示主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的背景或條件時(shí)，只能用 as。這時(shí)，as常表示“隨著……”;“一邊……，一邊……”之意。
① As the time went on，the weather got worse.(as表示“隨著……”之意)
② The atmosphere gets thinner and thinner as the height increases.
隨著高度的增加，大氣越來(lái)越稀薄。
③As years go by，China is getting stronger and richer.
隨著時(shí)間一年一年過(guò)去，中國(guó)變得越來(lái)越富強(qiáng)了。
④The little girls sang as they went.小姑娘們一邊走，一邊唱。
⑤The sad mother sat on the roadside，shouting as she was crying.
傷心的媽媽坐在路邊，邊哭邊叫。
4.在將來(lái)時(shí)從句中，常用when，且從句須用一般時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)。
①You shall borrow the book when I have finished reading it.在我讀完這本書(shū)后，你可以借閱。
②When the manager comes here for a visit next week，Ill talk with him about this.下周，經(jīng)理來(lái)這參觀時(shí)，我會(huì)和他談?wù)劥耸隆?/p>
三、when用于表示“一……就……”的句型中(指過(guò)去的事情)。
sb.had hardly(=scarcely) done sth.when...=Hardly / Scarcely had sb.done sth.when...
①I(mǎi) had hardly /scarcely closed my eyes when someone knocked at the door.=Hardly / Scarcely had I closed my eyes when someone knocked at the door.我剛一閉上眼，就有人在敲門(mén)了。
②I had hardly /scarcely entered my room when the telephone rang.=Hardly /Scarcely had I entered my room when the telephone rang.
我剛一走進(jìn)房門(mén)，電話就響了。
Whenwhileas的區(qū)別
①when是at or during the time that, 既指時(shí)間點(diǎn)，也可指一段時(shí)間;
while是during the time that，只指一段時(shí)間，因此when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)詞可以是終止性動(dòng)詞，也可以是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，而while從句中的動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。
②when 說(shuō)明從句的動(dòng)作和主句的動(dòng)作可以是同時(shí)，也可以是先后發(fā)生;while 則強(qiáng)調(diào)主句的動(dòng)作在從句動(dòng)作的發(fā)生的過(guò)程中或主從句兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。
③由when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，主句用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，從句應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí);如果從句和主句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，兩句都用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)候，多用while引導(dǎo)，如：
a. When the teacher came in, we were talking.
當(dāng)此句改變主從句的位置時(shí)，則為：
While we were talking, the teacher came in.
b. They were singing while we were dancing.
④when和while 還可作并列連詞。when表示“在那時(shí)”;while表示“而，卻”，表對(duì)照關(guān)系。如：
a. The children were running to move the bag of rice when they heard the sound of a motor bike.
孩子們正要跑過(guò)去搬開(kāi)那袋米，這時(shí)他們聽(tīng)到了摩托車(chē)的聲音。
b. He is strong while his brother is weak.
他長(zhǎng)得很結(jié)實(shí)，而他弟弟卻很瘦弱。
拓展：時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)
1．When既可引導(dǎo)一個(gè)持續(xù)動(dòng)作，也可引導(dǎo)一個(gè)短暫動(dòng)作，可用于主句和從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或從句動(dòng)作先于主句動(dòng)作。當(dāng)主句是將來(lái)時(shí)，從句的時(shí)態(tài)用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。（when在實(shí)際中用得最多）
I told my children when Lincoln was your age he walked twelve
miles to school everyday. But my son said, Thats nothing. When he was your age, he was president.
我告訴我的孩子：當(dāng)林肯你那么大歲數(shù)時(shí)他每天走12英里去學(xué)校，我兒子說(shuō)，那沒(méi)什么，當(dāng)他你那么大歲數(shù)時(shí)已經(jīng)當(dāng)總統(tǒng)了。
theres a side to President Reagan that people dont know. When he was a young man, he read complete works of Shakespeare. Of course, when Reagan was young, Shakespeare hadnt written all that
里根總統(tǒng)還有一面人們并不知道，年輕時(shí)他曾讀過(guò)莎士比亞全集當(dāng)然里根年輕時(shí)莎士比亞還沒(méi)寫(xiě)那么多。
注：諷刺里根讀書(shū)少，歲數(shù)大。
當(dāng)when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句為系表結(jié)構(gòu)，而且其主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)一致，其標(biāo)語(yǔ)又是一個(gè)名詞，就可以以as引導(dǎo)的省略句來(lái)代替when引導(dǎo)的從句。如：
As a young man, he read complete works of Shakespeare.
他年輕時(shí)讀過(guò)莎士比亞全集。
When the game is finished, the king and the pawn[卒] go into to the same box.
游戲結(jié)束時(shí)，國(guó)王和士兵進(jìn)入同一個(gè)盒子。
注：人生就象一場(chǎng)游戲，游戲結(jié)束時(shí)，億萬(wàn)富翁也好，平頭百姓也好都進(jìn)入一樣大小的棺材（或骨灰盒）。Finish為短暫動(dòng)作，從句動(dòng)作先于主句動(dòng)作。
場(chǎng)景再現(xiàn)：在籌集善款的晚會(huì)上，可以這么調(diào)侃：
How noisy an audience can be when you ask for quiet ____ and how quiet it can be when you ask for money.
（多么令人驚奇啊，）當(dāng)你要求安靜時(shí)聽(tīng)眾亂烘烘的當(dāng)你要錢(qián)時(shí)全場(chǎng)一片寂靜。
2．While引導(dǎo)的動(dòng)作必須是持續(xù)性的，側(cè)重主句動(dòng)作和從句動(dòng)作相對(duì)比。如：
Plumber（水暖工）: Im sorry I was late.
Man: While we were waiting for you, I taught my wife how to swim.
水暖工：很抱歉我來(lái)晚了。
男人：我們等你的時(shí)候，我教我太太學(xué)游泳。
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