最新職稱英語試題《綜合A》專項(xiàng)練習(xí)補(bǔ)全短文
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2017年最新職稱英語試題《綜合A》專項(xiàng)練習(xí)(一)
Einstein Named "Person of the Century"
Albert Einstein, whose theories on space time and matter helped unravel (解決) the secrets of the atom and of the universe, was chosen as "Person of the Century" by Time magazine on Sunday.
A man whose very name is synonymous ( 同義的 ) with scientific genius, Einstein has come to represent more than any other person the flowering of 20th century scientific though that set the stage for the age of technology. "The world has changed far more in the past 100 years than in any other century in history. The reason is not political or economic, but technological—technologies that flowed directly from advances in basic science," wrote theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking in a Time essay explaining Einstein's significance. _________ (46)
Time chose as runner-up President Franklin Roosevelt to represent the triumph of freedom and democracy over fascism, and Mahatma Gandhi as an icon (象征) for a century when civil and human rights became crucial factors in global politics.
"What we saw was Franklin Roosevelt embodying the great theme of freedom's fight against totalitarianism, Gandhi personifying (象征，體現(xiàn)) the great theme of individuals struggling for their rights, and Einstein being both a great genius and a great symbol of a scientific revolution that brought with it amazing technological advances that helped expand the growth of freedom,"said Time Magazine Editor Walter Isaacson.
Einstein was born in Ulm, Germany in 1879_________ (47) He was slow to learn to speak and did not do well in elementary school He could not stomach organized learning and loathed taking exams , In 1905, however, he was to publish a theory which stands as one of the most intricate examples of human imagination in history. _________ (48) Everything else- mass,weight, space, even time itself--is a variable (變量). And he offered the world his now-famous equation (方程式): energy equals mass times the speed of light squared--E=mc2.
_________(49) "There was less faith in absolutes, not only of time and space but also of truth and morality " Einstein's famous equation was also the seed that led to the development of atomic energy and weapons. In 1939, six years after he fled European fascism and settled at Princeton University, Einstein, an avowed pacifist, signed a letter to President Roosevelt urging the United States to develop an atomic bomb before Nazi Germany did. _________(50) Einstein did not work on the project. Einstein died in Princeton, New Jersey in 1955.
A. "Indirectly, relativity paved the way for a new relativism in morality, art and politics,"Isaacson wrote in an essay explaining Time's choices.
B. How he thought of the relativity theory influenced the general public's view about Albert Einstein
C. "Clearly, no scientist better represents those advances than Albert Elnstel .
D. Roosevelt heeded the advice and formed the "Manhattan Project" that secretly developed the first atomic weapon
E. In his early years, Einstein did not show the promise of what he was to become——
F. In his "Special Theory of Relativity," Einstein described how the only constant in the universe is the speed of light.
2017年最新職稱英語試題《綜合A》專項(xiàng)練習(xí)(二)
Read with Greater Speed
Do you have difficulty reading in class? If so, a special reading program that helps match sounds with letters could speed up your brain.
At least one out of every five elementary school students in the US has trouble learning to read, even when the students are good at other subjects._________ (46)
Researchers from Yale University, US, studied a group of children from New York and Connecticut State. As part of the study, 37 struggling readers received special tutoring.
Every day, instructors worked with them on recognizing how written letters represent units of sound called phonemes (音素). _________(47)
By the end of the school year, these children could read faster than before. They also made fewer mistakes, and understood more of what they read than they could earlier in the year.
As part of their study, the researchers used a special machine to take action photos of the students' brains. _________(48) This is the same part of the brain that becomes active when good readers read. This activated brain area appears to include a structure that helps people recognize familiar written words quickly. In lower level readers, this structure remains inactive.
A year later, the brain structure was still working hard in the students who had gone through the special tutoring, and they continued to do well in reading tests._________ (49) However, some researchers still doubt the study. _________ (50)
A. Many adults are interested in matching sounds with letters.
B. The students also practiced reading aloud and spelling.
C. The biggest challenge for many of these kids, scientists say, is matching sounds with letters.
D. Another group in the study who went through a more traditional reading program didn't show the same progress.
E. The pictures showed all increase in activity in the back of the brain on the left side.
F. They believe that reading without making any noise or linking words to sounds is more efficient.
2017年最新職稱英語試題《綜合A》專項(xiàng)練習(xí)(三)
Why Would They Falsely Confess?
Why on earth would an innocent person falsely confess to committing a crime? To most
people, it just doesn't seem logical. But it is logical, say experts, if you understand what can happen in a police interrogation (審訊) room. Under the right conditions, people's minds are susceptible(易受影響的) to influence, and the pressure put on suspects during police grillings (盤問) is enormous. _________ (46) "The pressure is important to understand, because, otherwise, it's impossible to understand why someone would say he did something he didn't do. The answer is: to put an end to an uncomfortable situation that will continue until he does confess." Developmental psychologist Allison Redlich recently conducted a laboratory to determine how likely people are to confess to things they didn't do._________ (47) The researchers then intentionally crashed the computers and accused the participants of hitting the "alt" key to see if they would sign a statement falsely taking responsibility.
Redlich's findings clearly demonstrate how easy it can be to get people to falsely confess: 59 percent of the young adults in the experiment immediately confessed._________(48) Of the 15-to- 16-year-olds, 72 percent signed confessions, as did 78 percent of the 12-to 13-year-olds.
"There's no question that young people are more at risk," says Saul Kassin, Professor at Williams College, who has done similar studies with similar results. _________(49) Both Kassin and Redlich note that the entire "interrogation" in their experiments consisted of a simple accusation--not hours of aggressive questioning--and still, most participants falsely confessed.
Because of the stress of a police interrogation, they conclude, suspects can become convinced that falsely confessing is the easiest way out of a bad situation. _________ (50)
A. In her experiment, participants were seated at computers and told not to hit the "alt" key, because doing so would crash the systems.
B. "In some ways," says Kassin, "false confession becomes a rational decision."
C. "It's a little like somebody's working on them with a dental (牙齒的`) drill," says Franklin Zimring, a law professor at the University of California at Berkeley.
D. "But adults are highly vulnerable too."
E. How could an innocent person admit to doing something he didn't do?
F. Redlich also found that the younger the participant, the more likely a false confession
2017年最新職稱英語試題《綜合A》專項(xiàng)練習(xí)(四)
The World'.s Longest Bridge
Rumor has it that a legendary (傳說的) six-headed monster lurks in the deep waters of the Tyrrhenian Sea between Italy and the island of Sicily._________ (46) When completed in 2010,the world's longest bridge will weigh nearly 300,000 tons--equivalent to the iceberg that sank the Titanic-- and stretch 5 kilometers long. "That's nearly 50 percent longer than any other bridge ever built," says structural engineer Shane Rixon.
_________ (47) They're suspension bridges, massive structures built to span vast water channels or gorges (峽谷). A suspension bridge needs just two towers to shoulder the structure's mammoth ( 巨大的 )weight, thanks to hefty (高強(qiáng)度的)supporting cables slung between the towers and anchored firmly in deep pools of cement at each end of the bridge. The Messina Strait Bridge will have two 54, 100-ton towers, which will support most of the bridge' s load. The beefy (結(jié)實(shí)的 )cables of the bridge, each 1.2 meter in diameter, will hold up the longest and widest bridge deck ever built.
When construction begins on the Messina Strait Bridge in 2005, the first job will be to erect two 370 meter-tall steel towers. _________ (48) Getting these cables up will be something. It's not just their length -- totally 5.3 kilometers -- but their weight. _________ (49)
After lowering vertical "suspender" cables from the main cables, builders will erect a 60 meter-wide 54,630-ton steel roadway, or deck--wide enough to accommodate 12 lanes of traffic.
The deck's weight will pull down on the cables with a force of 70,500 tons. In return, the cables yank (拽) up against their firmly rooted anchors with a force of 139,000 tons--equivalent to the weight of about 100,000 cars. Those anchors are essential. _________ (50)
A. Some environmentalists are against the project on biological grounds.
B. What do the world's longest bridges have in common?
C. If true, one day you might spy the beast while zipping (呼嘯而過) across the Messina Strait Bridge.
D. They're what will keep the bridge from going anywhere.
E. The second job will be to pull two sets of steel cables across the strait, each set being a bundle of 44,352 individual steel wires.
F. They will tip up the scales at 166,500 tons--more than half the bridge's total mass.
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