高中英語常見20組詞匯、詞義及用法辨析
到濮陽：在做英語試題的時候，你是否經常遇到這樣的情況：幾個選項，詞義意思相近，似乎選哪一組都是正確的，讓你很是糾結，無所適從。今天小編就給同學們整理高中階段常見的二十組詞義相近的單詞用法辨析，解決困擾你的問題!
1.accuse / charge
use 和charge都有“指責，控告”之意，有時可通用，但結構不一樣。accuse不一定針對重大過失或罪行，其結構為accuse sb of sth。而charge一般用于重大過失或罪行，其結構為charge sb with sth，此結構還有“使某人負有……責任”之意。例如：
例1：My father accused me of my being too careless. (父親責備我太粗心。)
例2：He accused me of neglecting my duty. (他指控我玩忽職守。)
例3：He charged me with neglecting my duty. (同上)
例4：Jimmy was charged with murder. (吉米被控謀殺。)
例5：He was charged with an important task. (他擔負有一項重要任務。)
2.add / add to / add up / add up to
add：增加，把……加上。add…to…：把……加到。例如：
例6：At the end of the party, we added another program.
例7：You needn’t add any water to the medicine.
add to：增添。指增添喜悅、悲傷、麻煩等。例如：
例8：His coming added to our trouble. (他的到來給我們添了麻煩。)
add up：加起來。例如：
例9：Have you added up all the numbers?
add up to：總計。表示加起來的結果，無被動結構。例如：
例10：All the numbers added up to 100.
3.advise / suggest
advise：建議，勸說。例如：
例11：I advised (his) trying again. (= suggest)
例12：I advised that we (should) try again. (= suggest，虛擬語氣。)
例13：I advised him to give up smoking.
例14：I advised him not to smoke.
例15：Could you advise us on how to learn English?
例16：Could you give us some advice on how to learn English?
suggest：建議，表明，暗示。例如：
例17：We suggest having a meeting at once. (= advise)
例18：We suggest that a meeting (should) be held at once. (= advise，虛擬語氣。)
例19：His pale face suggests that he is in poor health. (他那蒼白的臉色表明他身體欠佳。)
4.agree with / agree to / agree on
agree with：同意，贊成(后接“人”或what從句作賓語);適合，適應;一致。例如：
例20：I don’t quite agree with you.
例21：Nobody agreed with what he had said at the meeting.
例22：The weather here doesn’t agree with most of us. (這里的天氣我們多數人不適應。)
例23：Your words do not agree with your actions. (你的言行不一。)
agree to：同意，贊成。指一方同意另一方的意見、建議、觀點、想法等。例如：
例24：John can’t agree to Joe’s idea.
agree on：對……達成共識。指雙方或多方對某事取得一致意見。例如：
例25：Finally John and Joe agreed on the plan.
5.allow / permit / let / promise
allow：允許，許可。指聽任或默許，也可用來表示客氣的請求。例如：
例26：Who allowed you to leave the camp?
例27：Smoking is not allowed here.
例28：Please allow me to introduce myself to you.
permit：允許，許可。通常指正式的許可。例如：
例29：He declared that he would permit me to do so.
allow 和 permit 的含義雖然有所差別，但實際運用中兩者常通用。
let：允許，讓。其后的賓語補足語應是不帶to的不定式。一般不用于被動語態。例如：
例30：Don’t let this happen again.
例31：This is not allowed to happen again. (不說：This is not let to happen again.)
promise：答應，允諾。用于主動答應自己要做什么的場合。例如：
例32：They promised an immediate reply.
例33：He promised to start at once.
例34：I promised him to see to the matter right away.
(我答應他馬上處理這件事。不定式to see to 是主語I發出的。)
6.announce / declare
announce：宣布，宣告。常指首次公開或正式宣布人們關心的某件事情。例如：
例35：The government announced that the danger was past.
例36：It was announced that the national science conference would soon be held in Beijing.
另外，要表達“向某人宣布某事”，應用announce to sb sth。后接to sb的動詞還有say，explain等。例如：
例37：He announced to us the news and then said to us, “Now let me explain to you in details.”
(他向我們宣布了這個消息，然后對我們說：“現在讓我詳細給你們解釋吧。”)
declare：宣布，聲明。指以正式的話語公開宣布某件事。例如：
例38：The chairman declared the exhibition open. (主席宣布展覽會開幕。)
7.answer / reply
answer：回答，回應。例如：
例39：“Tom!” No one answered.
例40：Please answer the door-bell. (請去開門。)
例41：He answered that he knew nothing about it.
例42：No one was able to answer him a word.
reply：回答，答復。作不及物動詞時，后需接to再接賓語;作及物動詞時，后直接接that從句或what從句，或用于倒裝句。例如：
例43：He replied to me, “I need the answer to the exercise.”
例44：He replied that he would not go.
例45：Not a word did she reply.(她一句話也不應。)
answer當名詞用時，與reply一樣，要接to。例如：
例46：He made no answer / reply to his questions.
8.appear / look / seem
appear：顯得，好像。有時含有表面上顯得，而事實未必的意味。例如：
例47：This kind of apples appears good, but in fact it tastes sour.
(這種蘋果看起來好，實際吃起來酸。)
seem：好像。暗示判斷有一定根據，往往接近事實。例如：
例48：You seem to have made the same mistake again this time.
(你這次似乎又犯了同樣的錯誤。)
例49：It seems that it is going to rain soon.
look：好像。表示憑感覺作出的判斷。例如：
例50：What’s wrong with you? You look pale.
例51：It looks like rain. (看來要下雨了。)
9.argue / quarrel
argue：辯論，爭論。指提出理由或論據以支持或反駁某種意見或主張，著重說理。如：
例52：What are you arguing about?
例53：I argued with him the whole day.
quarrel：爭論，爭吵，吵架。例如：
例54：It’s unwise to quarrel with your boss about that. (為那件事同你老板爭吵是不明智的。)
10.arrive / reach / get
arrive，reach和get都有“到達”的意思。arrive通常與介詞at或in連用，它和reach是比較正式的用語;reach是及物動詞;get通常與介詞to連用，在口語中常用。arrive和get后接副詞(如here, there, home等)時，不用介詞。reach和arrive at還有“達成(協議)，作出(決定)”的意思。例如：
例55：When we arrived at the station, the train had left.
例56：At five, they arrived in Beijing.
例57：The letter didn’t reach me until yesterday.
例58：At what time did you get to the post office?
例59：The two sides failed to reach / arrive at an agreement after several hours’ discussion.
(幾個小時的討論后，雙方還是沒能達成一致意見。)
11.ask / inquire / question
ask：問(ask sb sth或ask sth of sb);請求(ask sb to do sth);要，索取(ask for sth)。例如：
例60：May I ask you some questions?
例61：Why did he ask you to come again?
例62：Did he ask for anything?
inquire：問，詢問。它與ask同義，但是比較正式的用語;與into連用時，表示“查究，調查”的意思。例如：
例63：I have inquired of him whether he could help me. (我已經問過他能否幫我。)
例64：We must inquire into the matter. (=look into，我們必須調查此事。)
question：提問，質問，審問，懷疑。例如：
例65：At first the girls read a chapter from their books, and then the teacher began to question them.
例66：I question whether he was once questioned by the police.
(我懷疑他是否曾被警方審問過。)
12.be about to do sth / be to do sth
be about to do：即將，正要做……不加任何時間短語。例如：
例67：We were about to start when suddenly it began to rain.
be to do：計劃，約定;應該。例如：
例68：We are to start tomorrow.
例69：What is to be done next?(下一步做什么?)
13.be careful of / be careful with
be careful of：小心，當心，留神，注意。例如：
例70：The public were warned to be careful of rats. (公眾被警告要當心老鼠。)
be careful with：細心，注意。指細心地處理或對付某人或某事。例如：
例71：You’d better be careful with your work / pronunciation. (你得注意你的工作/發音。)
14.be familiar with / be familiar to
be familiar with：對……熟悉。例如：
例72：Most of us are familiar with the pop star.
例73：John was very familiar with this kind of situation.
be familiar to：對……來說是熟悉的;為……所熟知。例如：
例74：The pop star is familiar to most of us.
例75：This kind of situation was all too familiar to John. (=very familiar)
15.be known for / be known as / be known to
be known for：因……而出名。例如：
例76：Our town is known for its stones.
be known as：作為……而出名。例如：
例77：The town is known as a stone town.
be known to：被……知曉，了解。例如：
例78：The hot spring city is known to every one of them.
16.be made of ( from / out of ) / be made into / be made up / be made up of
be made of：由……制成。用于由產品可以看出原材料。例如：
例79：The desk is made of wood.
be made from：由……制成。用于由產品看不出原材料。例如：
例80：Paper is made from wood.
be made out of：由……制成。例如：
例81：The desk / Paper is made out of wood.
be made into：制成……例如：
例82：Wood can be made into desks / paper.
be made up：由……編成。例如：
例83：Don’t believe him; the whole story was made up. (別信他的，整個過程都是捏造的。)
be made up of (=consist of)：由……組成。例如：
例84：This desk is made up of / consists of twelve pieces of wood.
17.be tired of / be tired from / be tired out
be / get tired of：對……厭倦。例如：
例85：I am really tired of your words! (你的話我聽膩了!)
be tired from：因……疲倦。例如：
例86：I was so tired from climbing the hill that I fell asleep the moment my head touched the pillow. (我爬山太累了，所以頭一碰枕頭/一躺下就睡著了。)
be tired out：筋疲力盡。相當于be worn out。例如：
例87：We were tired out when we climbed over the high mountain.
18.believe / believe in / depend on
believe：相信(指信某人的言語);認為(相當于be sure)。例如：
例88：Don’t believe him; he’s lying. (別聽他的，他在說謊。)
例89：I believe they’ll succeed in the end.
believe in：信任(指勝任某人);信仰(指信仰真理、主張、宗教等)。例如：
例90：Don’t believe in him; he’s always lying. (不可信任他，他老說謊。)
例91：I believe what she said, but I don’t believe in her. (我相信她所說的，但我不信任她。)
例92：We must work, and above all we must believe in ourselves.
(我們得工作，最重要的是我們得信任自己。)
例93：Most of them believe in God.
depend on：信任(相當于believe in或trust);依靠(相當于live on);取決于。例如：
例94：He is a man to depend on / believe in / trust. (他是個可信任的人。)
例95：Do you still depend on / live on your parents? (你還靠父母嗎?)
例96：Everything depends on the weather tomorrow. (一切取決于明天的天氣。)
19.borrow / lend
borrow：借，借用。指借入，不帶雙賓語。結構：borrow sth from sb。例如：
例97：Can I borrow your pen?
例98：He borrows money from me frequently.
lend：把……借給。指借出，可帶雙賓。結構：lend sb sth =lend sth to sb。例如：
例99：Could you lend me your pen?
例100：Will you lend your bike to me?
20.bring / take / fetch / get / carry
bring：帶來。例如：
例101：Bring the book here tomorrow.
take：拿走。例如：
例102：Don’t take the magazines out of the reading-room.
fetch：去拿來。例如：
例103：Go downstairs and fetch me some water.
get：去拿來。與fetch同義，但較口語化。例如：
例104：She got him a good doctor. (她為他請來了一位好醫生。)
carry：攜帶。指隨身攜帶，如捧、抱、扛、運等。例如：
例105：He carried a bag of rice on his shoulder.
例106：He often carries a pocket dictionary when he goes out.
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